Alcohol Abuse and Drug Addiction
Extent of Alcohol Abuse and Other Drug Addiction
Drug Testing for Teenagers
Drug use is widespread among American schoolchildren.Although a national study of high school seniors in 1991 showsthat drug use among young people is declining, the figuresremain unacceptably high (see Figure 2). The United Statescontinues to have the highest rate of teenage drug use of anynation in the industrialized world. Forty-four percent of highschool seniors have tried an illicit drug by the time theygraduate.
Alcohol is the most widely used drug. By their senioryear, 88 percent of students in the class of 1991 had usedalcohol; 78 percent had used alcohol in the past year and 54percent had used it in the month prior to the survey. Thirtypercent of seniors surveyed reported at least one occasion ofheavy drinking in the two weeks prior to the survey--anoccasion in which they had five or more drinks in a row.Twenty-four percent of 1991 seniors reported using marijuana inthe past year, and 14 percent said they had used it at leastonce in the previous month. Three and one-half percent ofseniors indicated that they had used cocaine in the past year.Three percent of seniors had used crack, and 1.5 percent hadused it within the last year.
The drug problem affects all types of students. Allregions and all types of communities show high levels of druguse. Thirty percent of 1990 high school seniors innonmetropolitan areas reported illicit drug use in the previousyear, while the rate for seniors in large metropolitan areaswas 33 percent. Although higher proportions of males areinvolved in illicit drug use, especially heavy drug use, thegap between the sexes is closing. The extent to which highschool seniors reported having used illicit drugs is higher forwhites than for blacks.
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Drug use is widespread among American schoolchildren.Although a national study of high school seniors in 1991 showsthat drug use among young people is declining, the figuresremain unacceptably high (see Figure 2). The United Statescontinues to have the highest rate of teenage drug use of anynation in the industrialized world. Forty-four percent of highschool seniors have tried an illicit drug by the time theygraduate.
Alcohol is the most widely used drug. By their senioryear, 88 percent of students in the class of 1991 had usedalcohol; 78 percent had used alcohol in the past year and 54percent had used it in the month prior to the survey. Thirtypercent of seniors surveyed reported at least one occasion ofheavy drinking in the two weeks prior to the survey--anoccasion in which they had five or more drinks in a row.Twenty-four percent of 1991 seniors reported using marijuana inthe past year, and 14 percent said they had used it at leastonce in the previous month. Three and one-half percent ofseniors indicated that they had used cocaine in the past year.Three percent of seniors had used crack, and 1.5 percent hadused it within the last year.
The drug problem affects all types of students. Allregions and all types of communities show high levels of druguse. Thirty percent of 1990 high school seniors innonmetropolitan areas reported illicit drug use in the previousyear, while the rate for seniors in large metropolitan areaswas 33 percent. Although higher proportions of males areinvolved in illicit drug use, especially heavy drug use, thegap between the sexes is closing. The extent to which highschool seniors reported having used illicit drugs is higher forwhites than for blacks.
Initial use of alcohol and other drugs occurs at anincreasingly early age. Nineteen percent of seniors report theyhad initiated cigarette use by sixth grade and 11 percent hadused alcohol. Forty-four percent of 8th graders have triedcigarettes, and 70 percent have at least tried alcohol.Twenty-seven percent of 8th graders have gotten drunk at leastonce, and 13 percent report they have consumed five or moredrinks in a row. Of the illicit drugs, marijuana and inhalantsshow the earliest pattern of initiation; about 2.8 percent ofseniors had begun using both of these substances by the 6thgrade. The peak initiation rate is reached by 9th grade. Peakinitiation rates for cocaine and hallucinogens are reached in10th and 11th grade with the initiation rate for nearly alldrugs falling off by 12th grade.
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